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Ralph Ruark is president of Swindell Dressler International. He was formerly president of Ruark Engineering, Inc., a company that provided analysis, recommendations and training for clients worldwide that manufacture industrial ceramics. He can be reached at (412) 788-7100 or rruark@swindelldressler.com.
In the U.S., the main body developing the design standards of kilns, furnaces and ovens is the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), through NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces. But the ceramic industry has misconceptions about NFPA 86, and no wonder.
Conrad Dressler never set out to develop the first successful tunnel kiln. In fact, as an artist, he was a man who harbored an aversion to machinery-made products and industry in general.
Carbon is one of the earliest known elements. It was used by the Egyptians and Sumerians in the form of charcoal around 3750 B.C. for the reduction of copper, zinc, and tin ores in the manufacture of bronze.
I’ve been so lucky. More than a decade ago, Ceramic Industry asked me to write the Kiln Connection column, and it has brought me great friendships and a wealth of knowledge.
Upon reviewing kiln data, I often find errors that are either designed into a system or operator induced. Many of these issues can prevent burner setup accuracy.
As discussed in Part 1 (CI, September 2011), internal kiln pressure in a tunnel kiln governs airflow direction and affects temperature uniformity, soaking time, and energy consumption. Management of the kiln pressure profile makes a huge difference in kiln stability.